TRACC - 马来西亚POM POM岛
Back at the end of 2019, yes back when we could fly around the world to tiny islands in a matter of days, we had the pleasure of visiting Pom Pom island in Borneo Malaysia. Pom Pom is home totracc(Tropical Research and Conservation Center) and over the years they have been working on ambitious coral restoration projects around the island.
实际上早在2015年when I started working for Reef Builders, I wrote about TRACC so it was even more exciting when I had the chance to visit last year. Pom Pom is a small island in the Celebes Sea located just 30km northeast of Semporna east Sabah Borneo.
在TRACC持续的捕捞压力之前,包括使用炸药捕捞和其他破坏性方法,严重损坏了POM POM周围的礁石。而且,它不仅损害了活珊瑚的破坏性方法,还损害了障碍礁结构,导致侵蚀和进一步的栖息地下降。
The reef around Pom Pom is 50–75 meters wide to the west and several hundred meters wide around most of the island. Pom Pom is being severely eroded from the northeast side and TRACC volunteers and marine biologists have been diligently planting corals and innovating new techniques for stabilizing the unconsolidated slope.
瓶礁
Their first technique, and one we wrote about in 2015, was a bottle reef. This reef is located in the shallow flats around the north tip of the island. When visiting this area now you need a keen eye to pick out the bottles, which are mostly filled in with coral.
该方法被用作底物,从炸药捕捞受损的礁石中种植了被救出的珊瑚碎片。我们今天看到的瓶礁反映了这一成功。
过了一会儿,他们注意到这些瓶盖仍在沿着礁石坡上移动,而不是努力稳定珊瑚礁。小块使它们容易在岛上部署,但它们也足够轻,可以在暴风雨和膨胀时被扔掉。
阶梯礁
Since the creation of this initial bottle reef, TRACC has evolved their methods, and over the course of 6 years, has planted over 75,000 coral fragments using two methods, Step Reef and ARC reef. These unique methods have drastically improved the destroyed reefs of Pom Pom Island, and researches on the island have seen an increase in fish and corals, including new fish species to the area.
尽管他们的原始方法始于瓶盖的一部分,但实验导致它们将瓶子颠倒地翻转,并将其整理成一个稳定的阶梯礁。对于这种方法,大规模和分支的珊瑚物种固定在平坦的水泥碱基上。
“在POM POM岛上,我们有一个不断的移动基板,没有自然的改进。这是由于斜坡的角度如岛上的北端,那里的斜坡陡峭,天然瓦砾固结已经发生,珊瑚现在繁荣了。”
“由于这些原因,在过去的四年中,我们一直在设计和重新设计阶梯礁。我们目前的解决方案利用珊瑚菌落的生长随着时间的推移增加人造礁的强度。此外,该设计允许复杂的3D结构和碎石整合发生在结构下面。”[TRACC]
弧礁
While they found success in the Step Reef, TRACC didn’t stop there. Their next phase was to build an even stronger foundation for their coral fragments, further fortifying the reef crest, this led to the development of the ARC reef.
弧珊瑚礁是一个全新的基于“增大化现实”技术tificial reef design, ARC stands for Artificial Reef Crest. The ARC reef’s unique shape is designed to restore the coral formation by giving a new substratum for rescued coral fragments, reduce the rubble movements that can fall from the crest on other deeper corals and to ensure ecological functionality is restored in minimal time.
ARC礁使用水泥块,足够小,可以使两个潜水员部署,并且在构建结构时,块的顶部将获得两种修饰方法之一。要么有矩形的凹陷或小手指大小的割草机,因此这些饰面被设计为一种快速简便的种植珊瑚的方法。
On land, volunteers and biologists, prepare cement biscuits and as the cement is drying, they set coral fragments in the mix. This makes the coral fragments super easy to deploy and slot into place on the ARC reef.
为了减少自然礁的珊瑚损失,TRACC使用各种苗圃技术来农场珊瑚碎片。在各种结构上,它们主要耕种Acropora和Hardy Pocillopora物种,但是,他们最近开始种植大量的Porites殖民地,它们可以在未来的恢复项目中使用。
The Step and especially the ARC reef methods, in combination with farming, cleanups, and monitoring schedules at TRACC have proven successful in slowing down the progression of slope erosion. And while each coral restoration project around the world has its own unique requirements, the ARC method is an easy cost-effective way to stabilize rubble slopes and build artificial reef crests.
查看traccto learn more.