超出水族馆照明基础的五种方法

I can clearly remember a time when understanding light on our aquariums was more like trying to wrap your head around alchemy than actual science. We discussed light in number of tubes, watts per gallons, and trichromatic, actinic and daylight ‘colors’ of light.

随着越来越多的照明技术，在礁石的爱好中越来越多地进行照明教育，如今，我们中的许多人至少是水族馆照明基础知识的业余专家。进入LFS Talkin的“每加仑瓦特”的简历很快将受到谴责并朝着PAR值方向迈进（尽管您中的许多人仍然需要知道unitsPAR - umol/m2/s - 每秒每平方米的微醇，或简称为“ Micromols”。）

Also with the introduction of LEDs we’ve become keenly aware of the different neighborhoods of the visible light spectrum, not just the highs and low nanometers, the bass and treble of light if you will. With more LED color choices and better control of each color channel in high tech led lights, we’re seeing and learning first hand the effect of narrow bands of spectrum on our corals’ health, growth and color.

We’ve come aloooongway since the Dark Ages of reef aquarium lighting, but now that we’re all able to debate whether our shrooms need a maximum of 100 umols of PAR or that our Acros need a minimum of 300 umols to really thrive, let’s spice up the conversation with some additional ways to discuss, measure and characterize light in our aquariums.

Light in 3D

Reefers在试图了解二维的光方面做得非常出色。我们可以轻松地想象光线如何从源散发出来，并落在表面上，光子聚集在珊瑚色表面上。

但是，光线都在各个方向上行驶，仅仅因为我们的灯在我们的坦克顶部并向下指向，并不意味着它不会朝各个方向行驶。第一代LED灯确实有帮助无济于事straightcollimated light and we’ve been measuring light with PAR meters that have flat sensors.

But bet you didn’t know that there are actually spherical PAR sensors that measure light coming from all directions. A spherical sensor will always register more light than a flat sensor in an aquarium. The concept of 3D light is super important because very few corals are totally flatand面对向上！大多数珊瑚具有非常复杂的3D结构，甚至许多“平坦的珊瑚”物种实际上在垂直甚至颠倒地生长！

每日光积分

每日光积分或DLI是最重要的你从来没有度量的光线heard of. In reef tanks we’re keenly aware that there is a sweet spot for corals, a combination of lighting intensity and photoperiod.

但是，强度和光的持续时间的相交是通过每日光积分整齐地总结的。DLI指的是total amount of light那落在给定的表面上。当您考虑太阳能电池板可以在一段时间内捕获的总能量时，这是有道理的 - 在这种情况下将珊瑚视为太阳能电池板非常方便。

There’s even DLI meters available for farmers to know when to plant and harvest their crops, and better understand how much total ‘light energy’ their corals have received. Interestingly, for very fine and precise measurements of PAR and narrow bandwidth of light, we need very expensive light sensors. But for gross averages of light, a basic DLI meter should be able to get us pretty close to understanding DLI even in our reef tanks.

高能可见光

There’s so much about the spectrum of light that we still don’t understand, as it relates to our aquarium corals. Particularly, in the high energy end of the spectrum , which is to say all the different wavelengths of blue light from 400 to 500nm.

But one thing that is helping us tease apart the effects of blue light on our corals is the availability of better and newer LEDs with peaks at virtually every wavelength of blue light. It is now possible to light up our corals with very discrete wavelengths of blue light, and in time we will better understand how 420 to 430nm brings out blue fluorescence in SPS corals, how near-UV interacts with longer wavelengths to aid in photosynthesis and so much more.

高能量可见（HEV）是否会损害珊瑚？

痕量元素的作用

化学是生物相互作用的核心with light. Photosynthesis is often represented by the following equation:

6co₂+ 12H₂o +轻能？C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6o₂+ 6H₂O

This is the engine that powers all life on earth, but there’s a whole suite of elements that also play a role in aiding and regulating the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis.

硼有助于调节代谢，铁和锰是合成叶绿素，铜和钼所必需的，有助于氮的摄取，锌对于某些光酶和激素至关重要。有趣的是，这些痕量元素对珊瑚本身并不一定是至关重要的，而是生活在其中的微观植物，实际上是将光转化为可用能量的Zooxanthellae！

Zooxanthellae & Symbiodinium

最后但并非最不重要的一点是，珊瑚实际上并没有用光做任何事情，它们只是单细胞金藻类居住的房地产。我们经常谈论珊瑚相对于这种光强度或照明频谱的需求。

但是，我们真正地说的是，浅水的ZooxanthellaeAcropora需要高强度的宽光谱光，或霓虹橙的专门Zooxanthellae瘦肉needs less and bluer light.Symbiodiniumis the little critter that lives inside our corals, comprising many different species, each with their own unique characteristics and preferences.

The population ofSymbiodinium在珊瑚内可以随着季节的形式和密度改变。更令人惊讶的是，较大的珊瑚实际上可以藏有不同的物种共生菌在整个群落中，就像Zooxanthellae的公寓一样，都生活在珊瑚提供的环境中的不同微居民中。

There’s a whole field of symbiosis research that specializes in studying the ecology of zooxanthellae and related micro-organisms. It’s beyond the scope of this article to go into great detail about the differences betweenSymbiodiniumspecies, and it’s also a little bit dry unless you’re really into it. But suffice to say that zooxanthellae is the real keystone species of coral reefs, and this ecosystem wouldn’t exist without them!

本文已经进行了几个月的思考，因为我认为爱好已准备好挑战其关于光生物学的知识。您能想到其他一些方法，我们可以做更多的事情来谈论礁石坦克中的照明，珊瑚的需求等吗？如果是这样，请在评论中告诉我们，因为现在该超越了水族馆照明的基本知识了。