通过不同的珊瑚科学出版物阅读,我们遇到了一个,这可能与我们的礁石水族馆非常相关。在本出版物中在自然界发表,来自红海研究中心的科学家,来自沙特阿拉伯的阿卜杜拉科学技术大学(KAUST)的科学家强调了微生物群落在适应珊瑚对不同栖息地的适应性中的重要性。
Depending on the environment, bacterial community differs on the same coral species. The coral ‘holobiont’ together with its dinoflagellate association also harbor an important and particular community of bacteria, important for a whole range of biological functions like Nitrogen fixation, sulfur cycling, and protection against pathogenic bacteria.
此外,在几种珊瑚物种中,微生物的多样性随着深度的增加而增加,可能使珊瑚能够进入更广泛的食物来源。此外,一些研究发现,在较短的时间尺度上,珊瑚相关的微生物组和与潮汐相关的偏移发生了季节性波动,而其他珊瑚则保持时间稳定的微生物组。
This study try to elucidate whether coral microbiomes can recover from chronic pollution, i.e. return to a state that resembles conspecific microbiomes at unaffected sites upon transplantation of coral fragments from affected to pristine sites. Coral fragment were moved between pristine and human polluted damaged sites.
这一发现可以解释为什么有些珊瑚不do well when they are transplanted from a very healthy environment to a disturbed environment. It’s very helpful in restoration project but also would explain some of the problems we can encounter in aquaria, and the huge knowledge gap that need to be fulfilled. We know for a long time the importance of bacteria in reef tanks, but we still only have scratched the surface.
珊瑚宿主的结合,许多物种和菌株中存在的鞭毛藻酸酯膜,再加上复杂的细菌群落将解释为什么两块珊瑚不同,甚至与同一物种以及相同的栖息地不同。几乎没有两个相同的珊瑚。每个珊瑚都需要根据特定环境找到相应的细菌群落。这将解释为什么有些珊瑚在开始生长并染色之前进入一个漫长的营养阶段。
珊瑚微生物组中细菌多样性的增加通常是由于新兴的机会分类群而伴随着压力反应,而这些分类群是不存在或抑制的。同样,在患病的珊瑚微生物组中反复观察到细菌多样性的增加。解释为什么珊瑚在受影响的部位更容易受到疾病的影响,即使一些非病理细菌的数量也较高。
This would also explain why no two aquariums are the same. If empirical methodology was the main driver in our industry in the past, a lot of new science aquarium based technology keep coming up, and hopefully, with science based knowledge, it will help us understand these mechanism that in turn will help us save the reef.
Importantly, it has to be considered that corals are in general long-lived, sessile animals that are unable to escape changes in their environment. And because of their long generation times, evolutionary change is supposedly slow. Strategies to cope with and survive rapid environmental change are therefore critical.
珊瑚可能会更快地调整珊瑚的一种机制可能是通过与不同的细菌分类单群的关联,在特定环境中,选择最有利和有益的微生物组。这可能有助于回答为什么在马养殖中,例如,只有一个物种的几个标本可以在一个压力大事上幸存下来,而另一个物种则死亡。通过使用细菌群落通往适应的另一条路。
最后,最后一个有趣的结论是,减少和消除污染和沉淀的来源可能会导致细菌群落的逆转。这一发现具有微生物组恢复的希望,即使在已经降级的珊瑚礁地区,也鼓励了人为污染的减少。